STEEL PIPE

Today PIPING will try to told you about Steel Pipe, History of Pipe, Type of Pipe such as Seamless Pipe, Butt Welded Pipe, Spiral Welded Pipe, and hope everything will be very useful to all of us.

HISTORY OF PIPE
Long ago someone decided carrying water from the nearby stream back to his or her dwelling was timeconsuming and laborious. Ingenuity gave birth to invention and the pipe was born. Using the natural resources available, early humans probably fashioned the first pipe from bamboo. Needing to move larger amounts of water, they later hollowed out logs. Egyptian and Aztec civilizations made pipe from clay. The first metallic pipes were made by the Greeks and Romans from lead and bronze. The use of iron as a material to manufacture pipe came about with the invention of gun powder. Gun powder, of course, is not used to make the iron, but gun powder necessitated the invention of stronger gun barrels. Iron pipes soon followed. Eventually exotic metals were developed, and pipe became the highly specialized product it is today

PIPING MATERIALS
Applied in a general sense, pipe is a term used to designate a hollow, tubular body used to transport any commodity possessing flow characteristics such as those found in liquids, gases, vapors, liquefied solids, and fine powders. A comprehensive list of the materials used to manufacture pipe would be quite lengthy. Some of the materials include concrete, glass, lead, brass, copper, plastic, aluminum, cast iron, carbon steel, and steel alloys. With such a broad range of materials available, selecting one to fit a particular need can be confusing. A thorough understanding of the pipe’s intended use is essential. Each material has limitations that may make it inappropriate for a given application. Throughout this text we will base our discussion on carbon steel pipe, the most common material used in the piping industry.

Carbon steel pipe can be manufactured using several different techniques, each of which produces a pipe
with certain characteristics. These characteristics include strength, wall thickness, corrosion resistance, and temperature and pressure limitations. For example, pipes having the same wall thickness but manufactured by different methods may vary in strength and pressure limits. The manufacturing methods we will mention include seamless, butt-welded, and spiral-welded pipe. Seamless pipe is formed by piercing a solid, near-molten, steel rod, called a billet, with a mandrel to produce a pipe that has no seams or joints.

Butt-welded pipe is formed by feeding hot steel plate through shapers that will roll it into a hollow circular shape. Forcibly squeezing the two ends of the plate together will produce a fused joint or seam.

Least common of the three methods is spiral-welded pipe. Spiral-welded pipe is formed by twisting strips of metal into a spiral shape, similar to a barber’s pole, then welding where the edges join one another to form a seam.

This type of pipe is restricted to piping systems using low pressures due to its thin walls.. Each of the three methods for producing pipe has its advantages and disadvantages. Butt-welded pipe, for example, is formed from rolled plate that has a more uniform wall thickness and can be inspected for defects prior to forming and welding. This manufacturing method is particularly useful when thin walls and long lengths are needed. Because of the welded seam, however, there is always the possibility of defects that escape the numerous quality control checks performed during the manufacturing process.

As a result, The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) developed strict guidelines for the manufacture of pipe. Pressure Piping Code B 31 was written to govern the manufacture of pipe. In particular, code B31.1.0 assigns a strength factor of 85% for rolled pipe, 60% for spiral-welded and 100% efficiency for seamless pipe. Generally, wider wall thicknesses are produced by the seamless method. However, for the many low-pressure uses of pipe, the continuous welded method is the most economical. Seamless pipe is produced in single and double random lengths. Single random lengths vary from 16”-0” to 20”-0” long. Pipe 2” and below is found in double random lengths measuring 35”-0” to 40”-0” long.

PREPARATION FOR PIPING DRAFTING

When we want to work as a drafter on PIPING, we should have a good background in basic drafting before pursuing a job in the field of pipe drafting and design. And because of that PIPING will explain a little about the ability what we should have, which is we should have good manual drafting skills related to line quality and freehand lettering. At the same time, students must acquire the necessary background to use the latest software tools such as AutoCAD, PROPIPE, etc, which allows them to be more productive. if we already advance, we will use a variety of sophisticated software packages, ranging from basic CAD software to 3D solid modeling.

TECHNICAL SKILLS

The drafter must become familiar with the uses of fittings, flanges, valves, and equipment. This will require time and effort to master the recognition of symbol shapes as well as research to find the dimensions needed to draw these items to scale. Often beginning drafters start out making corrections to existing drawings. This is where they acquire the skills and knowledge of piping that will allow them to advance to the position of piping designer. Drafters who have held field positions as pipe fitters or welders find this real world experience valuable. Many times this experience allows them to advance at a

faster pace.

PERSONAL SKILLS

Students should not neglect their speaking, writing, and math skills. Every company appraises future employees during the interview process, not only for technical skills, but also for the personal skills needed to interact with the engineering team. This interaction is a must for the team in order to complete the job with a minimal amount of mistakes. Honesty, reliability, dedication to improving skills, and a positive attitude contribute much to the successful career of the designer. You will be a member of a design team. You may work with people from countries all over the world. Getting along with fellow workers has much to do with successful yearly evaluations and compensation for your efforts.

Manual Drafting

Manual drafters use a variety of triangles, plastic templates (circle and ellipse), and scales to layout piping drawings. While electric erasers are not necessary, they make the job of erasing much easier and faster. Pencils and leads come in a wide range of sizes and shapes. Drafters usually use a 4H lead to draw projection linesand guidelines, and use an H or F lead for other line work and lettering needs. Line thickness also has an important role on piping drawings. A .7mm or wider lead holder is commonly used on major elements of the drawing such as pipe and lettering. Background components such as equipment, foundations, support structures, and dimension lines are typically drawn with a .5mm lead. One cannot stress enough the importance of quality line work and lettering. Manual drawings are constantly slid in and out of the file drawers and run through blueprint machines. This requires that lettering and line work

be neat and of good quality to maintain clarity of dimensions and callouts.

CAD Software Tools

There are many different CAD software tools on the market today. Many engineering companies require

their designers to know and use several different CAD software tools. Engineering companies must be prepared to accommodate the client’s preference of CAD programs. In today’s marketplace, the pipe drafter and designer should learn how to use AutoCAD and MicroStation. These two CAD programs are widely used by engineering firms in the United States and throughout the world. As with CAD programs, there are several piping software programs on the market today. Engineering firms must be responsive to the needs and preferences of their clients. Software developers steadily develop, revise, and refine programs to meet the demands of engineering and design firms. As with any business each software developer tries to incorporate the special features and amenities into their software package that will attract potential users. Often clients will dictate that all bid packages submitted for a project shall be completed using a particular piping software program. Most piping software packages provide the end user with the ability to develop three dimensional computer models of the completed facility. Software packages such as AutoPLANT, PDS, and PDMS, among others, have the intelligence to create either 2D or 3D drawings.

TYPES OF PROJECTS ON PIPE DRAFTING

When we think about what is the Types of Project on Pipe Drafting and Design, and the opportunity of it's, I think there is so many thing that we can do and learn about it. and now PIPING will gave you an explanation about all of those thing, including the types of project and employers.

The field of pipe drafting and design includes the widest range of opportunities of any field of design drafting. The types of design projects one could expect to work on may include:

• power plants

• petrochemical complex

• pulp and paper plants

• fertilizer plants

• pipe systems for hospitals and high-rise office buildings

• pharmaceutical plants

• food and beverage plants

• synthetic fuel plants

• offshore platforms

• pipeline installations

• water treatment facilities

• environmental waste disposal

Many projects will be designed for construction in other countries, offering the designer opportunities for travel. Each project presents drafters and designers with opportunities to expand their skills and knowledge of the field of piping design.

EMPLOYERS OF PIPE DRAFTERS AND DESIGNERS

Employers seek to hire pipe drafters and designers range for various companies. Among them are:

• engineering and construction companies

• operating companies

• architectural firms

• construction companies

• fabrication companies

ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES

Engineering and construction companies provide the design and layout of a facility. Many clients award the engineering and design phase of a project to one firm and the construction phase to another. While many operating companies have a small engineering staff who handle the day-to-day needs of changing and updating drawings, such as adding a pump or other small equipment, they do not have the manpower to design and engineer a grassroots plant or major add-on. Total plant design and construction may require hundreds of workers and may entail years in the design and construction of the plant.

OPERATING COMPANIES

Operating companies are the clients who engage in the day-to-day operation of a facility and who seek out the services of engineering and construction firms when expanding existing facilities or constructing a new project. Many operating companies keep a small engineering staff in the home office or at the plant job site.

Designers are exposed to the day-to-day operations of the facility and follow the construction of small projects. This situation may require that the designer have a broad range of knowledge and skills, as he or she often may be asked to design and lay out the complete project. The design may prepare foundation, steel, and piping drawings as needed, and may even do some electrical and instrumentation design when required.

ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING COMPANIES

Pipe drafters and designers employed by architectural engineering companies apply their skills to commercial and high-rise buildings. These may include multi-story office buildings, hospitals, condominiums, shopping malls, or other similar structures. In addition to the industrial piping components such as those found in a typical boiler room, supplementary piping systems must be designed for plumbing, HVAC, and drainage systems that are also required in these structures. Pipe drafters and designers must therefore be able to develop drawings such as:

• piping flow sheets

• plot plans

• equipment location drawings

• piping arrangement drawings

• piping isometric drawings

Learning the “language” of piping prepares employees for advancement to other departments within the engineering firms. These departments include not only the drafting and design departments but also:

• purchasing

• material control

• material take-off

• estimating

• pipe stress and pipe supports

• CAD support

• project management

CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES 

Many firms specialize only in the construction of plants. Here the piping designer may actually help oversee the construction of the facility while working under the supervision of a construction superintendent. The designer is often called upon to make small design changes resulting from mistakes discovered during the construction phase or as customers dictate changes. At the completion of the project, drawings are updated to reflect the many changes made during construction. These drawings are called or referred to as “as-built” drawings.

FABRICATION COMPANIES

Fabrication companies fabricate and ship much of the piping necessary for the construction of the plant to the job site. Many fabrication drawings called piping spool drawings must be prepared. These drawings give detailed dimensions from which welders can fabricate the pipe. The drafter who prepares these drawings will not be required to have an extensive background in plant layout, however, the position provides the drafter with valuable experience in materials and material science.

Preface from PIPING

I’ve already made a promise to my friend and also myself that I have to focus with this and looks like today I have to keep my promise to him that I should focus on this thing. For that sake now I will launch my new blog call “PIPING”, and I plan to post the knowledge about Piping, Drafing and Design, also about Fitting, Calculation and the History of Piping it self. And Shall we begin with the first post from PIPING.

Isometric Drawing

Pipe on the Pipe Rack

Preface

In the design of an industrial facility, engineers develop process flow sheets, set up project specifications and design or select equipment. The design drafters use the information supplied by engineers and equipment vendors and applies the knowledge and experience gained in the office and field to design and layout the facility.

In the design and layout of an industrial complex, thousands of piping drawings are needed to provide detailed information to the craftsmen who will construct the facility. Facility design and layout must meet the customer’s expectations as well as comply with safety codes, government standards, client specifications, budget, and start-up date.

The piping group has the main responsibility for the design and layout of the facility. Drafters and designers must coordinate their efforts with the civil, structural, electrical, and instrumentation groups throughout the design process. The piping group must provide each design group the necessary information needed to complete their part of the project and have the complete set of plan and construction drawings finished on time. During this time, it may be necessary for designers to visit the plant construction site to establish tie-ins or verify information necessary to complete the design.