STEEL PIPE

Today PIPING will try to told you about Steel Pipe, History of Pipe, Type of Pipe such as Seamless Pipe, Butt Welded Pipe, Spiral Welded Pipe, and hope everything will be very useful to all of us.

HISTORY OF PIPE
Long ago someone decided carrying water from the nearby stream back to his or her dwelling was timeconsuming and laborious. Ingenuity gave birth to invention and the pipe was born. Using the natural resources available, early humans probably fashioned the first pipe from bamboo. Needing to move larger amounts of water, they later hollowed out logs. Egyptian and Aztec civilizations made pipe from clay. The first metallic pipes were made by the Greeks and Romans from lead and bronze. The use of iron as a material to manufacture pipe came about with the invention of gun powder. Gun powder, of course, is not used to make the iron, but gun powder necessitated the invention of stronger gun barrels. Iron pipes soon followed. Eventually exotic metals were developed, and pipe became the highly specialized product it is today

PIPING MATERIALS
Applied in a general sense, pipe is a term used to designate a hollow, tubular body used to transport any commodity possessing flow characteristics such as those found in liquids, gases, vapors, liquefied solids, and fine powders. A comprehensive list of the materials used to manufacture pipe would be quite lengthy. Some of the materials include concrete, glass, lead, brass, copper, plastic, aluminum, cast iron, carbon steel, and steel alloys. With such a broad range of materials available, selecting one to fit a particular need can be confusing. A thorough understanding of the pipe’s intended use is essential. Each material has limitations that may make it inappropriate for a given application. Throughout this text we will base our discussion on carbon steel pipe, the most common material used in the piping industry.

Carbon steel pipe can be manufactured using several different techniques, each of which produces a pipe
with certain characteristics. These characteristics include strength, wall thickness, corrosion resistance, and temperature and pressure limitations. For example, pipes having the same wall thickness but manufactured by different methods may vary in strength and pressure limits. The manufacturing methods we will mention include seamless, butt-welded, and spiral-welded pipe. Seamless pipe is formed by piercing a solid, near-molten, steel rod, called a billet, with a mandrel to produce a pipe that has no seams or joints.

Butt-welded pipe is formed by feeding hot steel plate through shapers that will roll it into a hollow circular shape. Forcibly squeezing the two ends of the plate together will produce a fused joint or seam.

Least common of the three methods is spiral-welded pipe. Spiral-welded pipe is formed by twisting strips of metal into a spiral shape, similar to a barber’s pole, then welding where the edges join one another to form a seam.

This type of pipe is restricted to piping systems using low pressures due to its thin walls.. Each of the three methods for producing pipe has its advantages and disadvantages. Butt-welded pipe, for example, is formed from rolled plate that has a more uniform wall thickness and can be inspected for defects prior to forming and welding. This manufacturing method is particularly useful when thin walls and long lengths are needed. Because of the welded seam, however, there is always the possibility of defects that escape the numerous quality control checks performed during the manufacturing process.

As a result, The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) developed strict guidelines for the manufacture of pipe. Pressure Piping Code B 31 was written to govern the manufacture of pipe. In particular, code B31.1.0 assigns a strength factor of 85% for rolled pipe, 60% for spiral-welded and 100% efficiency for seamless pipe. Generally, wider wall thicknesses are produced by the seamless method. However, for the many low-pressure uses of pipe, the continuous welded method is the most economical. Seamless pipe is produced in single and double random lengths. Single random lengths vary from 16”-0” to 20”-0” long. Pipe 2” and below is found in double random lengths measuring 35”-0” to 40”-0” long.